The Early Days of Print Publishing

The early days of print publishing were marked by the invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century. Prior to the invention of the printing press, books were produced by hand, making them expensive and time-consuming to produce. The printing press revolutionized the way books were produced, allowing publishers to produce books in greater numbers and at a faster rate.

The first publishers emerged in the 16th century, with the industry growing rapidly over the next few centuries. Print publishing had a significant impact on society, with books becoming more widely available, and literacy rates rising. The spread of knowledge and information enabled by print publishing led to the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment, with new ideas and discoveries changing the way people viewed the world.

The early days of print publishing also saw the emergence of bookstores, with books becoming more widely available to the general public. Publishers began to specialize in different genres, with fiction, non-fiction, and poetry all becoming popular. The popularity of literature also led to the emergence of literary criticism, with critics reviewing and analyzing works of literature.

The early days of print publishing were not without their challenges. Censorship was common, with governments and religious organizations censoring books deemed to be subversive or heretical. The printing press was also seen as a threat to the power of the Church and the ruling class, leading to restrictions on the production and distribution of books. Despite these challenges, the early days of print publishing paved the way for the growth and development of the publishing industry, leading to the emergence of new genres, new technologies, and new ways of engaging with readers.

The Rise of Mass-Market Publishing

The rise of mass-market publishing in the 20th century marked a significant shift in the publishing industry. The introduction of paperbacks and pulp fiction made books more affordable and accessible to the general public. This led to a surge in book sales and contributed to the growth of the industry.

Paperbacks, first introduced in the 1930s, were smaller and lighter than hardcover books, making them easier to carry and store. They were also cheaper to produce, with publishers using lower quality paper and simpler covers. This made books more affordable for the average person, leading to a wider readership and a more diverse range of books being published. Pulp fiction, another genre that emerged during this time, was characterized by its sensationalist and sometimes controversial subject matter. These books were often published in magazines and sold in drugstores and newsstands. They were popular with a wide audience, particularly young adults, and contributed to the growth of the publishing industry.

The rise of mass-market publishing also saw the emergence of new technologies, such as the offset printing press, which enabled publishers to produce books in greater numbers and at a faster rate. This led to a wider range of books being published, including popular fiction, romance novels, and science fiction. The impact of mass-market publishing on society was significant, with books becoming more affordable and easier to obtain. This led to a wider readership, with more people able to access books and engage with literature. The rise of mass-market publishing also led to the emergence of book clubs, which provided readers with a way to connect with other book lovers and discuss their favorite books.

However, the rise of mass-market publishing was not without its critics. Some critics argued that the emphasis on popular fiction and pulp fiction was leading to a decline in the quality of literature. Others were concerned about the impact of mass-market publishing on small, independent publishers, who were struggling to compete with the larger publishing houses.

Despite these criticisms, the rise of mass-market publishing marked a significant milestone in the evolution of the publishing industry, paving the way for new genres, new technologies, and new ways of engaging with readers.

The Digital Revolution

The digital revolution has had a profound impact on the publishing industry, transforming the way books are created, published, and consumed. The introduction of electronic publishing and e-books in the 1990s marked a significant shift in the industry, leading to the emergence of new business models, new distribution channels, and new opportunities for authors.

Electronic publishing, which involves the production and distribution of books in digital format, enabled publishers to produce and distribute books at a lower cost and with greater efficiency. This allowed for a wider range of books to be published, including those that may not have been economically viable under traditional publishing models. Electronic publishing also provided a new avenue for self-publishing, allowing authors to bypass traditional publishing channels and publish their own work. The introduction of e-books in the early 2000s further accelerated the digital revolution. E-books are digital versions of printed books, which can be read on electronic devices such as e-readers, tablets, and smartphones. E-books offered readers greater convenience and flexibility, with the ability to carry hundreds of books on a single device. They also enabled publishers to reach a wider audience, with the potential to distribute books globally.

The rise of digital technology has also led to the emergence of new distribution channels, such as online retailers and subscription services. Online retailers such as Amazon have become dominant players in the industry, offering a wide range of books at competitive prices. Subscription services such as Scribd and Kindle Unlimited offer readers access to a vast library of e-books for a monthly fee, providing a new way for readers to discover and engage with books. The digital revolution has also had a significant impact on the way books are marketed and promoted. Social media and online advertising have become important tools for publishers and authors, enabling them to reach a wider audience and engage with readers in new ways. Online communities such as Goodreads have also emerged, providing a platform for readers to share their thoughts and recommendations with others.

Despite the opportunities presented by the digital revolution, there have also been challenges. The rise of digital piracy has led to concerns about the protection of intellectual property and revenue loss for publishers and authors. There have also been concerns about the impact of e-books on traditional bookstores and the future of physical books. Overall, the digital revolution has transformed the publishing industry, leading to new business models, new distribution channels, and new ways of engaging with readers. The impact of digital technology on the industry will continue to evolve, with new technologies and trends shaping the future of book publishing.

The Current State of the Industry

The book publishing industry continues to evolve, with audiobooks and streaming services now playing a significant role. The rise of audiobooks has made it easier for readers to consume books on the go, with the popularity of this format continuing to grow. Streaming services such as Amazon Prime and Scribd have also had a significant impact on the industry, with readers able to access thousands of books for a monthly fee.

The Future of Book Publishing

As we look to the future, the book publishing industry is likely to continue to evolve. New technologies such as virtual reality and augmented reality are likely to play a significant role, with publishers exploring new ways to engage readers. The rise of social media is also likely to continue, with publishers using platforms such as Instagram and Twitter to promote their books and engage with readers.

Conclusion

The evolution of book publishing industry has been significant, with changes in technology and consumer behavior driving transformation in the way books are produced, distributed, and consumed. As we look to the future, it is clear that the industry will continue to evolve, with publishers exploring new ways to engage readers and meet their changing needs. As readers, it is important to stay informed about these changes and be open to embracing new technologies and formats as they emerge.

The post The Evolution of Book Publishing Industry: From Print to Digital appeared first on Alasdair Gray.

Begin by explaining the significance of the book and its relevance to the subject you are writing about. It would help if you also explained why it is crucial to comprehend the book before writing an essay. You can use examples of books that were misinterpreted or misunderstood, leading to inaccurate conclusions in essays or reviews.

Reading Strategies

Developing effective reading strategies can help you comprehend the book better and make the writing process smoother. There are several reading strategies you can use, depending on the book’s genre, complexity, and purpose.

Previewing the book before reading can help you identify its main ideas, themes, and literary devices. Start by reading the title, author’s name, and back cover blurb. Then, skim through the table of contents, introduction, and conclusion. This method can give you a general understanding of the book’s scope and structure. Active reading involves engaging with the book’s content actively. It involves asking questions, making connections, and predicting what will happen next. As you read, try to highlight or underline key passages, write notes in the margins, and summarize what you have read.

If you are struggling to understand the book’s complex themes or ideas, try breaking it down into smaller parts. This method is called chunking, and it involves dividing the book into manageable sections and analyzing each part independently. You can use this method to identify recurring themes, motifs, and literary devices. Another useful reading strategy is to read the book with a purpose. Whether you are reading for pleasure or academic purposes, having a clear goal in mind can help you focus on the book’s key ideas and themes. For instance, if you are writing an essay on the book, focus on identifying the book’s thesis, arguments, and evidence.

Ultimately, developing effective reading strategies can help you comprehend the book better and make the writing process smoother. By previewing the book, actively reading, chunking the content, and reading with a purpose, you can identify the book’s main ideas, themes, and literary devices. Moreover, these strategies can help you develop a critical perspective on the book, which is essential for writing an insightful and analytical essay.

Researching the Author and Context

Researching the author and context of the book can give you a better understanding of the book’s themes and motifs. Begin by researching the author’s background, including their biographical information and other works they have written. This can give you insight into the author’s perspective, inspiration, and style. Additionally, it would be best if you considered the historical and cultural context of the book, including the time period, social and political influences, and cultural norms. This can help you understand the book’s themes and symbols better.

Analyzing the Book

Analyzing the book involves examining its structure, plot, characters, themes, motifs, literary devices, style, and tone. Start by summarizing the plot, which can give you a bird’s eye view of the book’s structure and the sequence of events. Then, delve into character analysis, which involves examining the characters’ personalities, motivations, and relationships. Themes and motifs are recurring ideas that the author explores in the book. Literary devices include symbolism, imagery, metaphors, and other figurative language used in the book. Style and tone refer to the author’s writing style and the emotions conveyed in the book.

Note Taking and Annotation

Taking notes and annotating the book can help you remember and analyze important details, themes, and literary devices. There are various ways to take notes and annotate a book, but it is essential to find a method that works for you. One popular method is Cornell notes, which involves dividing your paper into three sections: notes, cues, and summary. The notes section is for recording important information from the book, the cues section is for writing questions or keywords related to the notes, and the summary section is for summarizing the notes and reflecting on what you have learned. Another method is mind mapping, which involves creating a visual representation of the book’s ideas and themes. Start by writing the book’s title in the center of a blank sheet of paper and branching out to create subtopics and details. This method can help you see the connections between different ideas and themes in the book.

Annotation involves underlining, highlighting, and writing notes in the margins of the book. It is essential to use a system of symbols or colors to indicate different types of annotations. For example, you could use a yellow highlighter for important quotes or passages, a red pen for questions or confusions, and a green pen for connections or insights. Additionally, you can use post-it notes or index cards to take notes on specific pages or sections of the book. This method is particularly helpful if you need to reference specific quotes or details in your essay. Effective note-taking and annotation can help you remember the book’s details and analyze its themes and literary devices. Moreover, it can make the writing process more manageable by providing you with a reference point for your essay.

Review and Reflection

After reading and analyzing the book, it is essential to review and reflect on your notes and annotations. This involves revisiting your notes, reflecting on your understanding of the book, and assessing your comprehension. Self-reflection can help you gain a deeper understanding of the book and its significance. Additionally, you can seek feedback from others, such as a professor or writing tutor, to gain different perspectives on the book.

Conclusion

In conclusion, understanding the book is crucial to writing an excellent essay. By implementing the tips discussed above, you can gain a better comprehension of the book, its themes, and literary devices. Furthermore, you can use your newfound knowledge to craft an insightful and well-informed essay that conveys

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We would like to prove them wrong. There are many smart and effective ways to learn effectively, as well as find enough time to sharpen your skills that help to write a great book. One of them is to read classic English literature books to gain experience of famous and successful authors. This is, however, only one way to develop your book writing skills. Our useful blog post provides many other tips that will surely help to write a book while you are a student.

Read a Lot

First of all, you need to gain experience. You should read books of your favorite writers, as well as the authors who are popular at the moment. It means they have something special that attracts readers and so can teach you a lot.

It is also necessary to read specialized literature on writing books. Go to the local library, as well as surf the Internet. You will definitely find heaps of guides, tutorials, manuals, and similar stuff that explains how to start writing a book, develop your skills, enrich your experience, and something of the kind. Most materials can be accessed for free.

Select the Genre

Before getting the first idea to dwell upon, be sure you know in what genre your book will be. Listen to your heart! Do not try to write in the most popular genres at the moment. It won’t work because you should really love and be interested in the genre you select. Commonly, beginning writers write in the genres they like to read. Let’s check the most popular genres that can suit your preferences.

Practice Your Writing Skills Regularly

Your second regular habit should be regular writing. All your ideas, plans, and assumptions should be reflected in the paper. You will never find if they work well together until you write them down. As you intend to be a writer, you should develop this habit and work out your skills every day for several hours.

Let’s take a look at the famous Stephen Kind who is surely the most productive writer in history. The old good king of horror releases at least one book every year. His books are not small at all! What is his secret? There are surely more than one, but we would share the most amazing rule he follows always. He writes at least 3 pages every day! Even if you have no desire for writing or lack ideas, write these pages. They may be terrible, but your writing talents gain experience daily. Stick to this rule too, and you will be pleasantly impressed with the fruits it brings.

Learn from the Best

There is nothing wrong with mimicking the works of other authors. We do not mean copy and paste. We mean read attentively a good book and rework literature means, ideas, and concepts of a certain author. See how you can change and even improve his or her topic. Perhaps you may write a continuation or write a completely new story with similar features. This is a very effective method.

Apply Smart Apps

We guess all clever students use certain digital tools to cope with their academic assignments. You can apply them when you write your book as well. Give close heed to grammar checkers, such as Grammarly, and editors, such as The Hemingway Editor. They quickly scan the whole text and underline mistakes. They likewise offer their corrections. Thus, you can detect all the mistakes and know how to fix them.

Control Your Time Perfectly

Being a student means being a very busy person. You need to combine your study time and your book writing. Develop a flexible schedule with realistic deadlines and goals. You should assess your real abilities to be sure you can complete your assignments on time, as well as devote at least 2-4 hours to writing a book every day.

Takeaway

It is quite possible to combine learning and writing a book successfully. Our smart tips show you the path. Make sure you follow them. Thanks to these tips, you may write a great piece and become a famous writer while you are so young.

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Book Selection

As you select Write My Essay for the best quality writing services, similarly, you need to select the book that best serves your interest and purpose. Selecting a book for an academic review is critical and requires smart decision-making. Look for a book that is most suitable for writing a dissertation. It is recommended that you select a book related to your field. You might find it difficult to review a book that is not related to your field as you would not have sound background knowledge about the book’s theme. Selecting the latest books that have been published in recent years will be a wise move. It will be better to select a renowned publisher’s book. By picking a recently published book of a reputed publisher, you will improve your chances of getting the interest of the editors of reputed journals. It is very tempting to write a review of books written by your supervisor, family friend, or a family member but you will face complications hence avoid such temptations. You can search the book on book databases or in the university library related to your field. It is also a smart move to read journals containing upcoming books reviews. It will help you select a book that will be published soon as editors of journals like reviews of the latest books. Plus, you will also get a book review example as a guide. You can also ask your faculty members to recommend a book. It would prove to be a good step as they will recommend a book that they find suitable for you to review. Do not pick a book that you strongly disagree with because your review will ultimately be a negative one. As a student, you should look for a book you are indeed interested in. It will ensure that your academic book review is a well-written document. 

Selecting a Journal

Opting to write a book review and how to write it involves the careful selection of a reputed journal. You should search for a leading journal that publishes reviews related to your field. It will help you identify a preferred journal for your academic book review. It is advised that you communicate with the editor of your preferred journal before writing your academic review. You can do this by writing an email to the editor telling him about the book that you will write a review on. It is standard practice, and you should do it as many journals reject unsolicited book reviews. You certainly can’t let that happen to you because you want your review to be published in the journal after so much hard work. Once you get a positive response from the editor, ask the editor for review submission guidelines. It will save you from future complications. You will also know how long your review should be. Also, you can ask the editor about their preferred book review formats. In case you are informed by the editor that your selected book is already being reviewed by someone else, it is recommended that you select another book and save your effort. In this case, you can also request the editor to suggest a book that the journal would like to publish a review on, and it may prove beneficial for you. Select the right journal, and once you get a positive response, start working on your review. Apart from this, if you wish to make your life a little easier, you can get help with academic book reviews at WriteMyEssay Canada.

Analyzing the Book

Reading the selected book using analytical skills is the crucial part of how to write an essay about a book. While analyzing the book, pay attention to details like the title, preface, and index, and make notes of your observation. Look for the arguments present in the book and develop your views about them. Analyze whether the book is making any significant contribution to the field. You can also investigate if the book is related to any current debate. Analyzing the book will also involve determining whether the book is well-written or not. It also involves checking whether the information such as bibliography and footnotes are accurate and if the illustrations are helpful. Determining who can benefit from the book and what school of thought the book belongs to is also significant while analyzing the book for academic review. You can also compare the books with other books written on the same topic. Moreover, you should determine if the book can be used as a textbook and what courses. This detailed analysis will help you in writing the book review.

 Plan the layout 

 You are done with selecting the right book, you have also selected a journal and have analyzed the book, too, but now you are stuck on how to start an essay about a book. You can get out of this situation if you plan well. Planning will simplify matters for you, and you will have an action plan from where to start and how to end the academic review. First, determine how long the review would be by setting a word count for your review. After that, determine how much time you will take in writing the review. Ideally, you should complete it in a month. You can manage the time by allotting different weeks for different procedures of writing the academic review. You can use the following critical book review example layout to outline your book review.

• Title must have complete information about the author, citations, and publisher;
• The first paragraph should be dedicated to determining the purpose and how successful the writer is in achieving the stated purpose;
• Write two paragraphs for the book summary;
• Then write a paragraph stating the strengths of the book;
• Keep one paragraph to state the weaknesses of the book;
• Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the book;
• Conclude appropriately. 

Writing the Book Review

While writing the review, make sure that you don’t just provide a restatement of the text but evaluate the text through your words. Write your judgments about what contribution the books make to the field and who should read the book. While structuring your writing, avoid the temptation of using the table of contents as a structuring principle. Simply structure your review around your argument. You should also avoid unnecessary criticism as it will not leave a good impression. Write a comprehensive review and send it to the editor for publication.    

A good academic review should only be about constructive criticism. While writing the review, you should honestly tell the readers about the strengths and weaknesses of the book without being biased in any way. You can write a good academic review if you follow the abovementioned steps. 

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1) Writing

This step is pretty self-explanatory. If you want to be successful at Self Publishing a book, then you need to write a good book. That means you need to know what you want to say and how to say it in such a way that readers will enjoy reading it. The best way to learn this is by doing lots of research into the topic you plan to cover. Once you’ve done all of this, you should sit down and start writing. Remember, if you don’t write well, no one will read your book. So, take your time and make sure you understand the content before you begin writing. This will help ensure that your book has maximum impact when it is published.

2 ) Editing your book

Once you’ve written your book, it’s time to edit it. This is where you go back through what you wrote and fix any mistakes. Make sure you proofread carefully so that you catch any spelling errors or grammatical issues. Then, once you feel comfortable with the quality of your work, you can submit it to agents or publishers. It is also worth noticing that editing your book is not something you should try to rush. Take your time and make sure that you get every detail right. Otherwise, you may end up having to rewrite the whole thing.

3) Design the book

Now that you’ve edited your book, it’s time to design it. To create a professional-looking book, you will need to use a template. A template is a layout that you can use as a guide when designing your book. Most templates come with pre-designed pages that you simply copy and paste onto your computer. They are easy to use and you can easily change the size and color scheme of each page. After you’re finished designing your book, you can print it off and give it to a printer to be printed.

4) Selecting a publisher

After you’ve designed your book, it‚ time to select a publisher. There are several different ways that you can approach this process. One way would be to contact a few agents and ask them which ones they think might be interested in representing you. Another method would be to look online for companies that specialize in publishing books. These websites allow you to search for publishers based on certain criteria. For example, you could enter keywords like “self-publishing” or “publishing company” into your search engine. Once you’re ready to publish, you’ll need to send your manuscript along with a brief description of your book to the selected publisher.

5) Marketing your book

Marketing your book is probably the most important part of Self Publishing a book. Without effective marketing, your book won’t sell very well. You can market your book in many different ways. Some people prefer to do their marketing while others hire an agent or publicist to do it for them. Whichever option you choose, remember that marketing is about getting your message across. You must focus on making your book stand out from other books in its genre. Therefore, you should always keep your audience in mind when coming up with ideas for promoting your book.

6) Distribution

Distribution refers to the overall process of getting your book into the hands of potential buyers. This includes everything from printing copies of your book to selling it in stores. To distribute your book effectively, you’ll first need to find a distributor who specializes in distributing books like yours. Next, you’ll have to decide whether you want to sell your book yourself or let someone else handle distribution for you. If you opt to self-distribute, then you’ll need a website where customers can buy your book. On the other hand, if you decide to use a distributor, they will take care of all of these tasks for you.

7) Pricing the book

Pricing a book is another important step in the process of Self Publishing a book because it determines how much money you can expect to earn from the sale of your book. The price of your book depends on several factors including the type of book, the length, the subject matter, and the format. However, there are some general guidelines that you can follow to help you figure out the best pricing strategy for your book. First, consider what kind of book you’re writing. Are you writing fiction? Nonfiction? Children’s stories? Whatever category your book falls under, you’ll want to make sure that you set a reasonable price point.

8) Create a launch plan

Now that you know how to self-publish a book, you’ll also need to create a launch plan. A launch plan is a detailed schedule outlining exactly what needs to happen before you start selling your book. Remember, the earlier you start selling your book, the more likely you are to succeed. Therefore, you’ll want to get started as soon as possible.

Bottom line

Self-publishing a book isn’t hard. It’s pretty easy once you learn the basics. All you need is a good idea, a computer, and a printer. With those three things, you can write, design, and print your book. So, go ahead and give it a try!

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Writing a reference list for the paper or book can take so much time if you don’t pay CopyCrafter to write a research paper for you. As a result, this page can serve as a reference for citing a journal article in the following styles: APA, MLA, or IEEE. A selection of digital resources that can help with the citation will be given, and a basic lesson. You can focus on the substance of your work instead of what many people regard to be a time-consuming activity.

The Justification For Citations

The primary motivation for correctly citing sources is to prevent intellectual dishonesty. It is unethical to present other researchers’ work without adequate acknowledgment. While this isn’t the most stringent of ethical standards, it is simple decency. Many people have a stronger sense of identity over intellectual efforts, accomplishments, and physical properties. Humans have a great need to understand who or where knowledge originated from or how thoughts grow.

It is particularly evident in the research literature when researchers argue who was the first to develop a study methodology, a concept, or make a revelation.

It’s necessary to properly reference a resource so that the right kind of people receive credit for their contributions. For the reasons listed, it is critical to the entire study production and consumption method:

To Stay Away From Plagiarism: Citations help scholars to reference people’s work. It assists them in recognizing the source of the information.

Protection For Industrial Property Rights: Industrial information that is legally protected by patent rights can be included in research activity. Trademarks and geographical indicators are examples of these. Entertainment-related works, like films and architectural features, are featured.

To Provide Proof: You can provide proof for major elements of the work by appropriately citing research and data. This is especially true when building a case for a particular viewpoint.

Citing Sources In The Paper’s Content

When you relate to outside resources of data in the body of the work (mainly the Introduction and Discussion), you must mention the sources where you got the information. The simplest approach to do this is to provide the writer’s last name and the year of release in parentheses. When quoting data from another’s material, make sure to update the relevant features of the job in your language. As quickly as possible after supplying the information, including a citation to the work.

APA

The author’s name is reversed in APA format, which means the last name will come first. Indicate the year in which the report was published. Put the year in the research paper after the writers’ names if the report was released in an academic publication.

MLA

• Begin with the paper’s writers.
• Provide the study paper’s name.
• Determine the location of the paper.
• In the body of the paper, include parenthetical references.

Prepare Sub-Topics And Sources

It is a great idea to gather an initial list of sources to fit the many subjects and sub-topics to be addressed in the dissertation before you start writing it. In this manner, once you begin writing, you won’t lose time balancing composing ideas and sources.

You should not make errors in your writing. Are you able to comprehend the sentences? Because language is the vehicle through which you communicate your thoughts to your audience, a flawless paper is crucial. An article that is poorly written may be rejected by a journal.

Mind Map

Make a functional mind map or layout depending on the preliminary reading. Include any relevant, fascinating, or intriguing points, and your thoughts on the subject. A mind map is less formal and can include questions that need to be answered. Choose the technique that best suits your needs. The goal is to organize thoughts into logically connected categories. You can make changes to this mind map or framework at any moment; it’s much simpler to restructure a paper by marking out or introducing portions to an outline.

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GateHouse, a media holding company that publishes newspapers in 39 states, and Gannett, a company that produces the national newspaper USA Today, as well as many local publications, announced a merger in the United States. The announcement (.pdf) is posted on the website of New Media Investment Group, the parent company of GanteHousse.

New Media is buying out Gannett for $1.4 billion, with Gannett shares going at an 18% premium to the market price. After the transaction is completed, Gannett shareholders will own about 49.5% of the combined company and the rest (about 50.5%) will be owned by New Media shareholders, the statement said.

Before the merger, New Media was one of the largest publishers of local newspapers and online media in the US, with 154 daily newspapers in 39 states. The group’s publications have an audience of 84 million people a month.

Gannett is the largest publisher in the US. Besides the flagship newspaper USA Today, the company owns more than a hundred smaller publications, a number of digital assets managed by Gannett Digital, 40 TV channels managed by Gannett Broadcasting and the British media company Newsquest. The company’s products have a combined audience of 125 million people a month.

Both companies have seen their print press revenues fall. From 2008 to 2018, newspapers lost about 57 percent of their advertising revenue and about 49 percent of their daily circulation, according to the Pew Research Center.

Executives at the merged company expect the deal to cut $275 million to $300 million in costs for the group over two years. The merger is expected to be completed by the end of the year.

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The acquisition cost the publication’s new owner, investment firm Exor SpA, $731m, Bloomberg reports. The deal was the final step in the company’s refocusing entirely on the education segment following the sale of the Financial Times business newspaper.

“Pearson is now 100% focused on its global education strategy. The world of education is changing rapidly and we see great opportunities to grow our business,” said chief executive John Fallon.

Exor also owns a stake in Italian newspaper La Stampa.

As reported, Japanese media company Nikkei has become the new owner of the Financial Times. The deal amounted to $1.3bn. The new owner promised to keep its publishing policy intact.

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Media Impact, the joint sales house of Axel Springer and Funke Mediengruppe, has formed an advertising alliance with the sales teams of publishing colleagues RTL Group and Gruner+Jahr to jointly sell all of its advertising space and capabilities. It was announced by Digiday.

The new partners own major news publications including Bild, Welt, Business Insider and magazines including Der Spiegel, Die Aktuelle, Stern and Geo.

All of these projects have a monthly audience of around 50 million people. By comparison, Facebook in Germany has a monthly audience of around 40 million.

The collaboration aims to actively attract investment from media agencies and direct advertisers.

“This level of cooperation would have been unthinkable in the past,” said Carsten Schweke, chairman of Media Impact. He stressed that collaboration between major publishers was the main way to get a larger share of digital advertising budgets.

He added that Google, YouTube and Facebook account for the bulk of the growing advertising revenues.

“With collaboration, we want to get our fair share back… This is the basis of our future growth: finding the right mix of reach, relevance, service and high quality advertising that we can offer advertisers and agencies,” Schweke said.

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The European Commission concluded that the merged company will not infringe on the rights of authors and will not sell books exclusively in English.

Pearson and Bertelsmann, which own Penguin and Random House respectively, expect the transaction to be completed in the second half of 2013. Bertelsmann will own 53% of the new publisher, while Pearson will hold 47%.

The combined company is expected to be headquartered in New York. The US Department of Justice has already approved the deal.

Pearson is a British publishing house and has a solid reputation in the education sector. Pearson has divisions such as Pearson North America (online education, publishing and related services), Penguin Group (publishing business) and Financial Times Group (business media, including the Financial Times).

Bertelsmann is a German media group founded in 1835. It publishes fiction, science, reference, educational and other literature. The majority of the shares are owned by the Bertelsmann Foundation (77.6%). Since July 1, 2011 the Bertelsmann group consists of the publishing business Random House, the publishing house Gruner + Jahr (print media), the RTL Group (RTL television channel of the same name) and the Arvato AG division

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